Spring and summer are prime seasons for yard projects. Whether you’re planting trees, installing a fence, or digging for a new patio, it’s tempting to grab a shovel and get started. But before you do, remember that there’s more beneath your lawn than just dirt and roots. Sewer lines and other underground utilities often run surprisingly close to the surface, and hitting one can lead to expensive repairs and messy problems. Here’s how to dig safely and avoid damaging your home’s sewer system.

Know What’s Underground Before You Dig

Most homeowners don’t know exactly where their sewer lines are located. These pipes carry wastewater from your home to the municipal sewer system or to a septic tank, and they can be just a couple of feet below ground. Striking one with a shovel or auger can cause leaks, backups, or even collapse the line.

Before you dig, contact 811, the national “Call Before You Dig” number. It’s a free service that connects you with your local utility companies, who will mark the approximate locations of underground lines—including gas, water, electric, and sewer—on your property. You should make the call at least a few days before you plan to start digging.

If you’re unsure about the exact path of your private sewer line, you can also hire a licensed plumber to locate it using specialized equipment.

Common Areas Where Sewer Lines May Run

While sewer lines can vary in placement, there are a few spots where you should be especially cautious:

• Along the side or back of the house, where drains from bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry rooms connect to the main line.
• Near cleanouts or sewer caps, which mark access points to the system.
• Under driveways or patios, especially in older homes where pipes may not follow modern layouts.
• In low-lying areas, where the line slopes toward the street or septic system.

If you plan to dig deeper than a foot, it’s worth double-checking what’s below.

What Happens If You Hit a Sewer Line?

Damaging a sewer pipe can cause serious trouble. Even a small crack can allow wastewater to leak into the soil, creating foul odors, soggy spots, and potential health hazards. In some cases, the ground can erode around the break, leading to sinkholes or foundation issues.

Repairing a broken sewer line usually requires professional help and can cost thousands of dollars. Homeowners’ insurance may not cover the damage if it’s caused by unpermitted or careless digging.

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How to Dig Safely

A few simple precautions can save you a lot of stress and money:

1. Call 811 before you dig—every time, even for small projects.
2. Mark the utility lines clearly with flags or paint once they’ve been located.
3. Use hand tools when digging near marked areas; avoid using power augers or heavy machinery close to utility lines.
4. Watch for warning signs such as changes in soil color, unexpected moisture, or the smell of sewage.
5. Stop immediately if you uncover a pipe or cable, and contact a professional before continuing.

For larger projects, such as installing a pool or building an addition, consider having a plumber or contractor inspect the site first.

What to Do If You Damage a Line

If you accidentally hit a sewer pipe, stop work right away. Don’t try to patch it yourself—temporary fixes often make the problem worse. Instead, call a licensed plumber or your local utility company for assistance. Take photos of the damage and contact your insurance provider to report the incident.

Quick action can prevent further contamination and reduce repair costs.

A Little Preparation Goes a Long Way

Checking for underground utilities before you dig takes only a few minutes, but it can save you from major headaches later. Many homeowners don’t realize they’ve damaged a sewer line until they notice foul smells or soggy patches in the yard. With a quick call to 811 and a bit of planning, you can protect your property, your wallet, and your peace of mind.

So before you pick up that shovel, remember: what you can’t see can still cost you. Take the time to locate your sewer lines—it’s a small step that can prevent a big mess.